Kodi Umenewu Ndi Mtengodi?

YOLEMBEDWA KU AUSTRALIA

MITENGO ya malambe ya ku Australia, ndi yonenepa ndipo imapezeka m’madera ouma. Maonekedwe ake ndi opatsa chidwi ngakhale kuti ena amaiona kunyansa. M’chilimwe, mitengoyi sikhala ndi masamba ndipo imangooneka ngati chinachake osati mitengo ayi. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, nthano ina ya anthu a kumeneku otchedwa a Aborigine, imati mitengoyi inatembereredwa moti inazondoka.

Mitengoyi ikakhala yanthete, imakhala yowonda ndiponso yokongola. Koma ikamakula, imayamba kunenepa, kudyekadyeka ndiponso kuchita ziphuphuziphuphu. Mu 1837, katswiri wina woyendera malo dzina lake George Grey, ananena kuti mitengoyi “imangooneka ngati kuti yagwidwa matenda enaake.” Kodi mitengoyi imasiyana bwanji ndi mitengo ina, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani anthu a kumidzi ya ku Australia ndi anthu otchedwa a Aborigine amaikonda kwambiri?

Dzina Lachidule

M’mayiko a mu Africa, ku Madagascar ndiponso kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa dziko la Australia, mitengoyi imangomera yokha. Komabe, ngakhale kuti m’mayiko ambiri olankhula Chingelezi mitengoyi imadziwika ndi dzina lina (baobab), anthu a ku Australia anaipatsa dzina lachidule (boab). Mwanthabwala, ena amati anthu a kumidzi ndiwo anapereka dzina lachiduleli poopa kuti ntchentche zingamalowe m’kamwa potchula dzina lalitalilo. Dzina lachiduleli linafala kwambiri.

Ena amati mitengo ya malambe ndi mitengo yobala makoswe akufa. Amatero chifukwa chakuti mukakhala patali, zipatso za malambe zimaoneka ngati makoswe akufa amene amangiriridwa michira yawo m’mwamba. Komanso, maluwa a mitengoyi akawonongeka, amaola n’kuyamba kununkha ngati nyama yovunda. Komabe, maluwawa akakhala abwinobwino amakhala aakulu, oyera ndiponso onunkhira.

Suferapo

Chakumadzulo kwa Australia m’chigawo cha Kimberley, mitengo ya malambe imamera kwambiri m’madera a kumidzi. Mitengoyi imakondanso kumera m’chigawo china chapafupi ndi kumeneku chotchedwa Northern Territory. M’chigawochi, nyengo yadzinja imakhala yaifupi poyerekezera ndi yachilimwe.

Mitengoyi imakhala zaka zambirimbiri ndipo anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti siferapo. Katswiri wina pankhani ya zomeramera, dzina lake D. A. Hearne, anati: “Ngakhale mitengoyi  itapsa ndi moto, kapena kuchotsedwa makungwa, siifa ndipo makungwawo akamereranso mitengoyo imapitirizabe kukula. Ngati simunaiwonongeretu, mitengoyi imapitirirabe kukula bwinobwino.” * Mwachitsanzo, panali mtengo wina wa malambe umene unaikidwa m’kabokosi kamatabwa podikira kuti akauwokere ku dziko lina. Mtengowo unapitirira kumera mizu mpaka mizuyo inatulukira m’mabowo a bokosilo n’kulowa pansi.

Ngakhale kuti mitengoyi imamera m’miyala kapena mumchenga, imatalika kuposa mitengo ina imene yayandikana nayo. Ku phiri la Kimberley, kuli mitengo ina ya malambe yaitali mamita 25 kapena kuposa pamenepa, ndipo thunthu lake limathanso kukhala lalikulu chimodzimodzi.

Chinsinsi cha kunenepa kwa mitengoyi chagona pa kusunga madzi, chifukwa imakhala ngati chinkhupule ndipo imatha kusunga madzi ambiri. Mitengoyi imamwa madzi ambiri panthawi ya mvula moti imafufuma kwambiri. M’chilimwe, imayamba kuphwa pang’onopang’ono n’kubwerera mwakale.

M’nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mitundu ina ya mitengo imayoyoka masamba kuti isaume. Koma mitengo ya malambe imachita zimenezi m’chilimwe. Nyengoyi ikamatha, mitengoyi imachita maluwa ndipo imaphukiranso masamba. Nthawi zonse imachita zimenezi dzinja likayandikira moti anthu a m’derali amangoitcha kuti mitengo yodziwitsa kusintha kwa nyengo.

Mitengoyi imachita maluwa usiku wokha koma dzuwa likatuluka maluwawo amayamba kufota. Patsogolo pake, mitengoyi imadzabala zipatso zikuluzikulu. Zipatsozi zikagwa pansi zimasweka ndipo njere zake zimabalalika.

Wothandiza Pamoyo Wamunthu

Anthu otchedwa a Aborigine a ku Kimberley amakonda kwambiri malambe, chifukwa amadya njere, masamba, utomoni, ndiponso mizu yake. Malambe asanaume, mkati mwake mumakhala zinthu zoyera za phalaphala zimene anthu amadya. M’nthawi ya chilala, a Aborigine ankakhapa mbali ya mitengoyi ndiponso mizu yake n’kumatafuna pofunamo madzi. M’nyengo ya mvula, anthuwa ankatha kupeza madzi m’mphako za mitengoyi ndiponso pakati panthambi zake.

Mu 1856, Augustus Gregory pamodzi ndi anthu ake, atapita ku phiri la Kimberley anakadwala matenda achiseyeye. Ndiye anthuwo anawiritsa njere za malambe n’kupanga chakudya chabwino ndithu. Chakudya chotere chimakhala ndi zinthu zothandiza kuthetsa vutoli, motero anthuwo sanachedwe kuchira.

Imadziwitsa Mbiri Yakale

M’mbuyomo, anthu otchedwa a Aborigine ndiponso anthu a ku Ulaya ankalemba zinthu pa mitengo ya malambe. Mu 1820, sitima yapamadzi ya asilikali yotchedwa Mermaid inakaima pa gombe la Kimberley kuti aikonze. Potsatira malangizo amene asilikaliwo ankapatsidwa, oti akafika pamalo enaake aziikapo chizindikiro, mkulu wa asilikaliwo, dzina lake Phillip Parker King, anazokota mawu (HMC Mermaid 1820) pa mtengo wina waukulu wa malambe.

Mtengowu unayamba kudziwika ndi dzina la sitimayo. Panthawiyo, thunthu lake linali lalikulu mamita 8.8 koma panopo n’lalikulu mamita 12.2. Ngakhale kuti panopo mawuwa saoneka bwinobwino,  anthu akawaona amakumbukira za anthu akalewa. Masiku ano, pali mitengo ina yotere yambirimbiri imene alendo ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana amadzaiona.

Anthu a ku Ulaya atafika ku phiri la Kimberley, ankagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ikuluikulu ya malambe pouzana njira. Mitengoyi inalinso ngati malo okumaniranapo komanso ogonapo m’dera lachilendoli. Abusa ankasiya ng’ombe zawo kuti zipume pansi pa mitengoyi. Mitengoyi inali yozokotedwa mayina osiyanasiyana, monga akuti Oriental Hotel, Club Hotel, kapena Royal Hotel.

Mu 1886, a Aborigine analanda boti la August Lucanus wa ku Germany, yemwe anafika kumeneku pamodzi ndi anzake. Iye ndi anzakewo ankapita ku tawuni ya Wyndham, womwe unali ulendo wa makilomita 100. Ulendowo unali wodutsa m’mitsinje ina imene munali ng’ona. Patapita nthawi, Lucanus anadzalemba kuti iye ndi anzakewo anali atawerenga buku lina lolembedwa ndi munthu amene anafikako m’derali. Bukulo linafotokoza kuti munthuyo “anaika zipangizo zaukalipentala ku Pitt Springs, pansi pa mtengo waukulu wa malambe, umene anaulemba zizindikiro za dzina lake.” N’zochititsa chidwi kuti anthuwa anapeza mtengowo komanso zipangizo zija. Zipangizozo zinawathandiza kuti “adule mtengo waukulu wa malambe n’kupanga bwato.” Ntchito imeneyi anaigwira masiku asanu ndipo kenaka anayenda ulendo wawo mpaka kukafika kwawo bwinobwino.

Mitengo ina iwiri ya malambe yodziwika kwambiri kumeneku inapatsidwa mayina akuti ndende ya Derby ndi ndende ya Wyndham. Mayinawa anachokera pa matauni a pafupi ndi derali. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitengo ikuluikuluyi inali ndi mapanga amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndende, cha m’ma 1800. Phanga limodzi linali lokwanira kusungamo anthu angapo. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amakayikira zimenezi. Komabe mitengo imeneyi ndi yochititsa chidwi ndiponso ndi yodziwika kwambiri kwa anthu okaona malo.

Kujambula Zithunzi pa Malambe

Panthawi ina anthu ankazokota zithunzi ndiponso mauthenga osiyanasiyana pa makungwa a mitengoyi. Komano masiku ano, anthu a m’madera akumidzi ku Australia sazokotanso zinthu pa mitengoyi, m’malomwake amazokota pa lambe lenilenilo. Zipatsozi zimatha kukhala masentimita 25 m’litali ndiponso masentimita 15 m’mimba mwake.

Anthu a kumeneku, a luso la zojambulajambula amasankha lambe labwino, ndipo kenaka amazokota zithunzi palambelo pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni. Nthawi zambiri zithunzi zake zimakhala zosonyeza zinyama za kumeneko, zosonyeza a Aborigine akusaka, ndiponso zosonyeza anthu kapena nkhope zawo. Nthawi zambiri anthu okonda zojambulajambula amakagula malambe ozokotedwawo. Alendo ofika kumeneku ndiponso eni mashopu osiyanasiyana amagulanso.

N’zoona kuti mlambe si mtengo waukulu kuposa mitengo yonse. Komabe, mtengowu ulibe mnzake pa nkhani ya kufunika kwake m’madera akumidzi ku Australia. Ndipotu umapatsa ulemerero Mlengi wathu, komanso umasonyeza kuti iye ndi wanthabwala ndithu.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Umachita maluwa usiku ndipo pofika mawa lake maluwawo amakhala atafota

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Lambe lojambulidwa chithunzi cha buluzi