OBU Abaheburaayo baabaire bari omu nsi Eyaaraganisiibwe, omwaka gukaba nigutandika n’okutebeekanisa emisiri n’okubyara, omu meezi agu hati turikumanya nk’Okwamwenda n’Okwaikumi.

Omwaka ogurikwegamira aha kwetoorora kw’okwezi ogw’ameezi 12 (ag’ebiro 29 nari 30), niguba guri mugufu aha gurikwegamira aha kwetoorora kw’eizooba. Abantu batwire nibakoresa emiringo etari emwe n’emwe kubara emyaka egi yombi. Eki kikaba nikibaasa kukorwa barikwongyeramu ebiro nari okwezi, obundi omwaka ogundi gutakatandikire. Embara egi neehikaana n’obwire obu baabaire nibabyariramu ebihingwa nari obw’okushaaruura.

Kwonka omu bwire bwa Musa, Ruhanga akagambira abantu be ngu omwaka ogw’ediini gukaba nigwija kutandika omu kwezi kw’Abibu, nari Nisani, omu bwire bwa Katumba nari Nyaikoma. (Kur. 12:2; 13:4) Omu bwire obwo nibwo baabaire bagira obugyenyi bw’okushaaruura sayiri.—Kur. 23:15, 16.

Omu kitabo The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, (175 B.C.–A.D. 135) omucondooza Emil Schürer naagira ngu “eki baabaire nibaihiriraho kwongyeramu ebiro nari okwezi kikaba kyorobi munonga. Obugyenyi bw’Okuhingurwaho bukaba bwine kukuzibwa omuri Nisani okwezi kuri ekizooro (14 Nisani), nari omuri Katumba nari Nyaikoma obu ekiro n’eihangwe byabaire biba nibingana. N’ahabw’ekyo, ku baabaire bamanya ngu Okuhingurwaho nikuza kubaho obu eihangwe n’ekiro birikwingana, bakaba baranga ngu nibaza kwongyeramu okundi okwezi okwa 13.”

Abajurizi ba Yehova nibakoresa omuringo ogu kumanya ebiro ebihikire eby’Ekiijutsyo omuri Katumba nari Nyaikoma obwire oburikuhikaana na Nisani 14 aha karenda y’Ekiyudaaya. Ebibiina omu nsi yoona nibimanyisibwa ebiro ebyo bukiri kare. *

Kwonka shi Abayudaaya bakaba bamanya bata obu okwezi kurikuza kuhendera reero okundi kukatandika? Obunaku obu noobaasa kukikora orikureeba karenda eteirwe nari ey’aha kyoma. Kwonka ira kikaba kitoorobi.

Omu bwire bw’omwegyemure, bakaba nibamanya ngu buri kwezi kurimu ebiro 30. (Kut. 7:11, 24; 8:3, 4) Kwonka bwanyima, kurugiirira aha mbara y’Abayudaaya, ti buri kwezi ngu kukaba kwine ebiro 30. Aha karenda y’Ekiyudaaya, okwezi kukaba kutandika bwanyima y’okureeba oruhembe rw’okwezi kusya. Eki kikaba kibaho bwanyima y’ebiro 29 nari 30 eby’okwezi okw’enyima.

Haine obu Daudi na Yonasaani baagamba aha kutandika kw’okwezi, bati: “Nyencyakare okwezi nikuboneka.” (1 Sam. 20:5, 18) N’ahabw’ekyo, nikireebeka ngu omu kyasha kya 11 Y.A., ameezi gakaba nigabaasa kubarwa bukiri kare. Omwisraeli owa butoosha akaba naabaasa kumanya ata obu okwezi kusya kuraatandikye? Ekitabo Mishnah eky’ebiragiro by’Abayudaaya n’emigyenzo yaabo nikituhwera kumanya enshonga egi. Nikyoreka ngu bwanyima y’obukwatwa bw’Abayudaaya, ab’Eishengyero (eicwero ry’emanja erikuru ery’Ekiyudaaya) bakaba nibahwera omu nshonga egi. Omu meezi mushanju ag’amagyenyi, ab’eishengyero bakaba bagira orukiiko aha kiro kya 30 eky’okwezi. Abashaija abo bakaba baine obujunaanizibwa bw’okucwamu obu okwezi okundi kuraatandikye. Bakaba nibaihirira ahari ki?

Abashaija abaabaire batairwe omu myanya etunguukire omuri Yerusaalemu bakaba baguma nibareeba omu bicu nyekiro kureeba oruhembe rw’okwezi. Ahonaaho bakaba bamanyisa ab’eishengyero. Ab’eishengyero ku baabaire bahamya ngu buzima oruhembe rureebirwe, bakaba baranga okutandika kw’okwezi okusya. Kwonka shi ebicu nari oruho ku byabaire bikingira abashaija abo kureeba oruhembe? Obwo bakaba baranga  ngu okwezi okwo kwine ebiro 30, reero okusya kutandika.

Ekitabo Mishnah nikishoboorora ngu ab’eishengyero bakaba baranga okucwamu kwabo barikukoresa akamanyiso k’omuriro ogwabaire guhembwa aha rushozi Zeituuni, haihi na Yerusaalemu. Omu myanya endiijo etunguukire omuri Israeli yoona, bakaba bahemba emiriro kujanjaaza amakuru aga. Bwanyima, bakatandika kutuma abantu kuranga okwezi okusya. N’ahabw’ekyo Abayudaaya omuri Israeli, n’omu byanga ebyehereire bakaba bamanyisibwa okutandika kw’okwezi okusya. Eki kikaba kibabaasisa kukuza emikoro eya buri mwaka omu bwire nibwo bumwe.

Kyati eririkukurataho neebaasa kukuhwera kumanya oku ameezi g’Ekiyudaaya, emikoro yaabo, n’obunaku byabaire biine akakwate.