Dahme Kahrehda Ke Kak Kamehlele Pwuhken Rongamwahu kan?
Dahme Kahrehda Ke Kak Kamehlele Pwuhken Rongamwahu kan?
“Pwuhk pwukat kamwakid laud me tohto. Kasdo tohto . . . oh pwuhk tohto wiawihda pwehki pwuhk pwukat . . . Ekei pwihn en Kristian akan wiakihla pwuhk pwukat utupen dahme re kin kamehlele. Pwuhk pwukat kahrehiong pelien lamalam kan oh padahk kan en wiawihda.”—SUPER INTERESSANTE, EHU MAKASIHN NAN BRAZIL.
DAHME makasihn wet kin koasoia? Makasihn wet kin koasoia duwen aramas tohto arail kin perenki pwuhk pwukat me mwomwen wia pwuhken rongamwahu kan, kisinlikou kan oh kaudiahl kan. Pwuhk pwukat dierekda mpen sounpar 50 samwalahro nan Nag Hammadi oh wasa teikan nan Isip. Pwuhk pwukat oh pil pwuhk teikan me duwehte mepwukat kin adaneki nting kan en “Gnostic” de “Apocryphal.” *
Mie Mwekid Ehu me Ekihla Ire kan me Pid Duwen Paipel?
Pwehki aramas tohto rahnwet sohte kin kamehlele Paipel oh pelien lamalam kan, me tohto kin perenki nting kan en Gnostic de Apocryphal. Nting pwukat kin kamwakid laud madamadau en me tohto ong padahk kan en Sises Krais oh pil pelian lamalam en Kristian. Ehu makasihn koasoia: “Rongamwahu en Thomas oh nting en apocryphal teikan kin kamwakid pwihn en aramas ehu me wie tohtohla nan atail ahnsou iei irail kan me kin men esehla duwen Koht ahpw sohte kin likih pelian lamalam kan.” Makasihn wet pil kasalehda me nan Brazil kelehpw, “mie mpen pwihn 30 me arail padahk kohsang nting en Apocryphal kan.”
Dierekdahn nting pwukat kahrehiong me tohto en kamehlele padahk wet me nan pahr 300 samwa, pelien lamalam en Kadolik song en ekihla dahme mehlel duwen Sises oh re song en irehdi ekei ire kan duwen en Sises mour me pwarada nan nting kan en Apocryphal. Padahk wet pil nda me mie wekidekla kan nan audepen pwuhken Rongamwahu pahieuo. Emen sounpadahk en pelien lamalam me adaneki Elaine Pagels koasoia: “Met se kin kilang me nanpwungen pwuhk tohtoie, pelian lamalam en Kristian akan kin piladahte ekei pwuhk kan ren doadoahngki ong arail padahk oh tiahk kan.”
Sounpadahk kan me duwehte Pagels ahneki madamadau me kaidehn Paipelte me wia utupen pwoson en Kristian ahpw pil pwuhk teikan me duwehte nting kan en Apocryphal. Karasepe, nan ehu prokram me adaneki Padahk Loal kan en Paipel nan wasahn pakair en BBC, mie koasoipen “Ihs me Uhdahn Mery Makdala.” E koasoia me nting kan en Apocryphal kin kasalehda me Mery Makdala iei “sounpadahk men oh sounkaweid ong tohnpadahk teikan. E sohte wia tohnpadahk mente ahpw e wia wahnpoaron ong wahnpoaron teikan.” Me pid pwukoahn Mery Makdala, Juan Arias ntingihdi nan ehu nuhspehpa nan Brazil: “Rahnwet soahng koaros kin kahrehiong kitail en kamehlele me mwekid en tepin Kristian kan me Sises tapiada kin utungada ahn lih akan arail pwuhng. Met pwehki tepin ihmw sarawi kan iei imwen lih akan, wasa me re kin wia arail pwukoahn samworo kan oh pisop kan.”—O Estado de S. Paulo.
Ong me tohto, nting kan en Apocryphal mwomwen mehlel sang Paipel. Ahpw met kin kahrehda ekei peidek kesempwal kan en pwarada: Nting kan en Apocryphal kin uhdahn wia utupen pwoson en Kristian kan? Ni eh kin uhwong padahk kan en Paipel, mehnia me kitail pahn kamehlele, Paipel de nting kan en Apocryphal? Uhdahn mie mwekid ehu me wiawi nan pahr 300 samwa pwehn irehdi audepen pwuhk pwukat oh wekidala audepen pwuhken Rongamwahu kan pwehn ekihla dahme mehlel duwen Sises, Mery Makdala oh meteikan? Pwehn sapengla peidek pwukat, kitail pahn tehk ehu pwuhken Rongamwahu ko me iei pwuhken Sohn.
Mehn Kadehde Sang nan Pwuhken Sohn
Ehu pelien nting en Rongamwahu en Sohn dierekda nan Isip ni tepin pahr 1,900 samwa oh met e adaneki Papyrus Rylands 457 (P52). E audaudki dahme ntingdi nan Sohn 18:31-33, 37, 38 nan Paipel en rahnwet oh e mihmi nan ehu library me adaneki John Rylands Library, nan Manchester, England. Pelien nting wet me keieu werei nanpwungen nting kan en Palien Pwuhk Sarawi ni Lokaiahn Krihk me dierekda. Tohto sounpadahk kan kamehlele me e ntingdi mpen pahr 125, mpen sounpar 25 mwurinte Sohn eh mehla. Dahme kapwuriamwei iei me audepen pelien nting wet kin pahrekiong audepen nting kan me wiawihda mwuhr. Pwehki pelien nting en Rongamwahu en Sohn mieier nan Isip mpen pahr 125, e kin kasalehda me rongamwahu en Sohn uhdahn ntingdi mwohn pahr 100 oh Sohn me ntingihdi pwuhko duwehte Paipel eh kin kasalehda. Eri, pwuhken Sohn iei pwuhk ehu me emen me kilangki mese soahng kan me wiawi oh e ntingihedi duwe.
Ahpw nting kan en Apocryphal wiawihda sang mwurin pahr 100 kohdo. Met wehwehki me nting pwukat wiawihda daulih sounpar 100 kei mwurin soahng kan me kileldi nan nting pwukat eh wiawi. Ekei semen kan kin song en kadehde me audepen nting kan en Apocryphal kohsang nting kan oh tiahk en mahs ahpw sohte mehn kadehde ong met. Kahrehda peidek wet kesempwal, Mehnia me ke pahn kamehlele, mehn kadehde sang emen me kilangki mese dahme wiawi de sang rehn aramas me mour sounpar epwiki mwurin dahme wiawi? Pasapeng me sansal. *
Ia duwen koasoi me dene mie wekidekla kei nan audepen pwuhken Rongamwahu kan nan Paipel pwehn ekihla ekei ire kan me pid sapwellimen Sises mour? Karasepe, mie mehn kadehde me kasalehda me audepen Rongamwahu en Sohn wekila nan pahr 300 samwa pwehn ekihla ire mehlel kan? Pwehn sapengla peidek wet, kitail anahne taman me mie ehu nting me Paipel kan en rahnwet kin poahsoankihda iei Vatican 1209 me wiawihda nan pahr 300 samwa. Ma neitail Paipel kan rahnwet audaudki wekidekla kan me wiawi nan pahr 300 samwa, eri e pahn sansalda nan nting en Vatican 1209. Pil ehu nting me audaudki pali laud en pwuhken Luk oh Sohn iei Bodmer 14, 15, (P75) me wiawihda sang pahr 175 lel 225. Semen kan kasalehda me audepe kan kin pahrekiong Vatican 1209. Met wehwehki me sohte wekidekla laud kan me wiawi nan Rongamwahu kan en Paipel oh Vatican 1209 me kin kadehde duwen met.
Sohte mehn kadehde me kasalehda me audepen pwuhken Sohn de pwuhken Rongamwahu teikan wekila nan pahr 300 samwa. Dr. Peter M. Head en Cambridge University kasawih pelien nting kan me dierek nan Oxyrhynchus, Egypt oh ntingihdi: “Dierekdahn nting pwukat sohte anahne wekidala atail kin kamehlele ntingdien Kadehde Kapw me wiawi lao lel atail ahnsou. Dierekdahn pwuhk pwukat sohte kin utungada koasoi me dene mie wekidekla kan nan nting kan en Kadehde Kapw.”
Dahme Kitail Kak Kamehlele?
Kristian akan nan sampah pwohn kin kamehlele pwuhk pahieu kan en Rongamwahuwo, Madiu, Mark, Luk, oh Sohn sangete nan pahr 150 samwa. Pwuhken Diatessaron (me wehwehki “sang me pahieuo” ni lokaiahn Krihk), me Tatian ntingihdi nanpwungen pahr 160 oh 175, kin kohsang ihte pwuhken Rongamwahu pahieuo ahpw sohte mehkot sang pwuhk en “rongamwahu” en Gnostic kan. (Kilang kakon “Tepin Mehn Kadehde ong Pwuhken Rongamwahu kan.”) E kesempwal en tehk dahme Irenaeus koasoia ni eh kerenlahng pahr 200. E nda me mie pwuhken Rongamwahu pahieute duwehte eh pil mie tumwenieng pahieute nin sampah. Mendahki karasaras wet me e doadoahngki ele sohte pwung, ahpw dahme e koasoia kin utungada ire me mie pwuhken Rongamwahu pahieute ni ahnsowo.
Dahme ire pwukat koaros kin kasalehda? E kasalehda me audepen Palien Pwuhk Sarawi ni Lokaiahn Krihk iangahki pwuhken Rongamwahu pahieu ko me kitail pil naineki rahnwet sohte wekila sangete nan pahr 100 samwa lao lel atail ahnsou. Sohte kahrepe mwahu en kamehlele me mie mwekid ehu me wiawi nan pahr 300 samwa pwehn wekidala de ekihla ekei iren Paipel kan me kohsang rehn Koht. Emen sounpadahk en Paipel me adaneki Bruce Metzger ntingihdi: “Mwohnte pahr 200, . . . kereniong mwomwohdiso koaros nan Mediderenien oh sang Britain lel Mesopodamia kamehlele pali laud en pwuhk kan nan Kadehde Kapw.”
Wahnpoaron Pohl oh Piter utungada padahk mehlel kan en Mahsen en Koht. Ira koaros kaweidih Kristian akan en dehr kamehlele mehkot tohrohr likin dahme re sukuhlkiher. Karasepe, Pohl ntinglang Timoty: “Eri, Timoty, kanakanahieng dahme kohieng uhk ni likilik pwe ke en apwahpwalih. Kalekeiukasang koasoi kan me kin uhwong Koht, oh akamai mwahl akan me ekei aramas kin kahdaneki ‘Loalokong.’ Pwe ekei kin koasoia me irail pil ahneki ‘Loalokong’ wet, oh ni imwilah re kin salongasang elen pwoson.” Piter pil koasoia: “Se sohte poahsoankihda soai likamw at padahk kan ong kumwail duwen roson en ketidohn atail Kaun Sises Krais. Pein kiht se kilangki masat akan sapwellime roson lapalahpie.”—1 Timoty 6:20, 21; 2 Piter 1:16.
Sounpar epwiki kei samwalahro, soukohp Aseia koasoia: “Ei, dihpw kin mengila oh rohs kin pwupwudi, ahpw mahsen en atail Koht kin mour poatopoat.” (Aiseia 40:8) Kitail pil kak kamehlele me Meno me ketin kahrehiong Pwuhk Sarawi en ntingdi pahn pil ketin apwalih audepe kan kohkohlahte pwe “aramas koaros en ale komourparail oh marainkihla me mehlel.”—1 Timoty 2:4.
[Nting tikitik kan me mi pah]
^ “Gnostic” oh “Apocryphal” kohsang lepin lokaiahn Krihk kan me kak wehwehki “loalokong me rir” oh “ekiekla mwahu.” Lepin lokaia pwukat kin pid nting likamw akan de nting kan me sohte wia kisehn Paipel ahpw mwomwen duwehte pwuhken Rongamwahu kan, Wiewia kan, kisinlikou kan oh kaudiahl kan nan Palien Pwuhk Sarawi ni Lokaiahn Krihk.
^ Pil ehu kahpwal me pid nting kan en Apocryphal iei me nting malaulaute me luhluhwe. Pelien nting siluhte me mie ong Rongamwahu en Mery Makdala me koasoiepe wiawi mwowe. Ehu kin audaudkihte elep en tepin nting ko oh me riau teio audaudkihte ekei wasa kan nan tepin nting ko. Laudsang met, mie wekpeseng laud kan nanpwungen nting kan me luhluhwe.
[Blurb pali 9]
The Papyrus Rylands 457 (P52), pelien nting en Rongamwahu en Sohn me wiawihda nan pahr 100, ntingdier mpen sounpar 25te mwurin tepin nting ko eh wiawihda
[Koakon nan pali 11]
Tepin Mehn Kadehde ong Pwuhken Rongamwahu kan
Nin tepin poadopoad en pelien lamalam en Kristian, irail kan me kin kauwe Paipel nda me audepen pwuhken Rongamwahu kan kin uhpene oh me kitail sohte kak kamehlele. Sounnting en Siria me adaneki Tatian me momour mpen pahr 110 lel 180 wiahda mehn kadehde ong pwuhken Rongamwahu ko. E medewe me wasa kan me aramas nda me uhpene pahn sohla mie ma e kihpene pwuhk pahieu pwukat en wiahla ehu.
Tatian tepida wiahda pwuhk wet. E sohte sansal ma lokaiahn Krihk de Siria me e tepin doadoahngki. Sohte lipilipil mehnia lokaia me e doadoahngki, e kanekehla pwuhko mpen pahr 170. Pwuhk wet adaneki Diatessaron me wehwehki “sang me pahieuo” ni lokaiahn Krihk. Dahme kahrehda ke anahne kesempwalki pwuhk wet mendahki e sohte kohsang rehn Koht?
Nan pahr 1800 samwa, irail me kin kauwe Paipel tepida kihda madamadau me pwuhken Rongamwahu kan sohte ntingdi mwohn pahr 150, kahrehda pwuhk pwukat sohte kesempwal ong poadopoad. Ahpw, nting kan en mahs en Diatessaron me dierekda kihda mehn kadehde kehlail me pali laud en aramas ese oh pwungki pwuhk pahieu en Rongamwahu ko mwohn pahr 150. Oh ihte pwuhk pahieu pwukat me re kin kamehlele.
Dierekdahn pwuhken Diatessaron oh nting kan duwen pwuhk wet ni lokaiahn Arepia, Armenia, Krihk oh Latin kahrehiong sounpadahk en Paipel me adaneki Sir Frederic Kenyon en ntingihdi met: “Soahng pwukat me dierekda kihsang peikasal koaros duwen audepen pwuhken Diatessaron oh kin kadehdehda me mwohn pahr 170, pwuhk pahieu pwukat en Rongamwahwo wia pwuhk me keieu kesempwal nanpwungen pwuhk teikan me kin koasoia duwen mouren atail Sounkomour.”
[Kilel nan pali 10]
Vatican 1209
Nting en Vatican 1209 me wiawihda nan pahr 300 samwa kasalehda me sohte wekidekla laud me wiawi nan pwuhken Rongamwahu ko
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Sang pwuhken Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus, 1868
[Kakon/Kilel nan pali 8, 9]
(Pwehn kilang nting kan ni soandi mwahu, kilang pwuhk wet)
Pahr 33
Sises ketin pwoula
Mpen pahr 41
Pwuhken Madiu ntingdi
Mpen pahr 58
Pwuhken Luk ntingdi
Mpen pahr 65
Pwuhken Mark ntingdi
Mpen pahr 98
Pwuhken Sohn ntingdi
125
Rylands 457 (P52)
Mpen pahr 140
nting en Apocryphal tepida wiawi
Mpen pahr 175
Bodmer 14, 15 (P75)
Pahr 300 samwa
Vatican 1209
[Kilel nan pali 11]
Tatian
[Kilel nan pali 11]
Diatessaron in Arabic
[Credit Line]
© The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin