Dzina ya Mulungu yakuti isalembwa na maletra manai Acihebheri יהוה, isagumanika maulendo cifupi na 7.000 mʼMalemba Acihebheri. MʼBhibhlya ino, maletra anewa manai akuti asadziwika ninga Tetragrama, athumburuzwa kuti “Yahova.” Dzina ineyi isagumanika kazinji kene mʼBhibhlya. Amuna adalemba Bhibhlya mukutsogolerwa na Mulungu aphatisira madzina mazinji a cidzo na acilemedzo ninga “Wamphambvu Zonsene,” “Wankulu Kakamwe” na “Mbuya,” mbwenye iwo aphatisira basi ene Tetragrama toera kulonga dzina ya Mulungu.

Yahova Mulungu ndiye adatsogolera anyakulemba Bhibhlya toera aphatisire dzina yace. Mwacitsandzo, iye atsogolera mprofeta Yoeli toera kulemba mafala awa: “Onsene anacemera dzina ya Yahova, anadzapuluswa.” (Yoeli 2:32) Pontho Mulungu acitisambo nyamasalmo kulemba mafala awa: “Anthu mbadziwe kuti imwe dzina yanu ndi Yahova, ndimwe basi Wankulu Kakamwe pa dziko yonsene yapantsi.” (Masalmo 83:18) Mʼbukhu ya Masalmo basi, dzina ya Mulungu isagumanika maulendo akupiringana 700. Ineyi ndi bukhu ya nyimbo zakuti mbumba ya Mulungu ikhafunika kuziimba na kuzibwerezera. Mphapo thangwi yanji dzina ya Mulungu nkhabe kugumanika mʼMabhibhlya mazinji? Thangwi yanji Bhibhlya ino isaphatisira fala yakuti “Yahova”? Pontho dzina ya Mulungu yakuti Yahova, isabvekanji?

Thangwi yanji mʼMabhibhlya mazinji nkhabemo dzina ya Mulungu? Pana mathangwi mazinji. Anango asanyerezera kuti Mulungu Wamphambvu Zonsene nee asafunika kukhala na dzina toera kucemerwa nayo. Anango nee asaphatisira dzina ya Mulungu panango thangwi ya nsambo Waciyuda wakugopa kuipswipisa. Anangombo asakhulupira kuti nkhabepo anadziwa kuti dzina ya Mulungu isacemerwa tani, natenepa iwo asaona kuti mphyadidi kuphatisira basi ene cidzo cakuti “Mbuya” peno “Mulungu.” Mbwenye maonero anewa nee ndi akubveka tingadinga mathangwi anatowera:

•  Anthu analonga kuti Mulungu Wamphambvu Zonsene nkhabe funika kukhala na dzina asapwaza undimomwene wakuti mabukhu akale a Mafala a Mulungu akhali na dzina ya Mulungu, kuphatanizambo ale adalembwa mbudzati kufika ndzidzi wa Kristu. Ninga pidaona ife padzulu, Mulungu acitisa kuti dzina yace ilembwe mʼMafalace maulendo akupiringana 7.000. Pyenepi pisapangiza kuti iye asafuna kuti ife tidziwe dzina yace, pontho tiiphatisire.

• Athumburuzi anabulusa dzina ya Mulungu thangwi yakulemedza nsambo Waciyuda asaduwala undimomwene wakufunika kakamwe. Maseze alembi anango Aciyuda akhakhonda kulonga dzina ineyi, iwo nee aibulusa mʼMabhibhlya mwawo. Mʼmipukutu yakale idagumanwa ku Qumran, dhuzi na Bara Yakufa, dzina ya Mulungu isagumanika mʼmbuto zizinji. Athumburuzi anango a Bhibhlya apangiza kuti dzina ineyi ikhalipo mʼmabukhu akale thangwi yakuikha fala ya maletra makulu yakuti “MBUYA” mʼmbuto zikhagumanika iyo. Mbwenye panango munabvundzika: Khala athumburuzi anewa asadziwa kuti dzina ya Mulungu isagumanika mʼmabukhu akale, thangwi yanji iwo abulusa peno acinja dzina ineyi mʼBhibhlya? Mbani adaatawirisa toera kucita macinjo anewa? Ndiwo basi anafuna kutawira mibvundzo ineyi.

• Ale ananyerezera kuti dzina ya Mulungu nkhabe kufunika kulongwa thangwi nkhabe anadziwa kuicemera kwace, asalonga mwakusudzuka dzina yakuti Yezu. Mbwenye anyakupfundza a Yezu a ndzidzi wakale akhalonga dzina yace munjira yakusiyana pangʼono na inalonga Akristu azinji lero. Panango Yezu akhacemerwa Yeshúa‛ na Akristu Aciyuda, pontho cidzo cakuti “Kristu” iwo akhacilonga Mashíahh, peno “Mesiya.” Akristu akhalonga Cigerego akhancemera Iesoús Khristós, pontho Akristu akhalonga Cilatini akhancemera Iésus Chrístus. Mukutsogolerwa na Mulungu, dzina ineyi yalembwa mʼBhibhlya Mucigerego. Pyenepi pisapangiza kuti Akristu a mu ndzidzi wa apostolo akhaphatisira dzina ineyi mwakubverana na njira ikhalonga anthu azinji mu cilongero cawo. Munjira ibodzi ene, Komiti ya Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa yaona kuti mphyadidi kuphatisira fala yakuti “Yahova,” maseze njira ineyi yasiyana pangʼono na njira ikhalongwa iwo Mucihebheri cakale.

Thangwi yanji Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa isaphatisira fala yakuti “Yahova”? Ncisena, maletra manai a Tetragrama (יהוה) asaimirira maletra YHWH. Tetragrama nee ikhali na mavogali, sawasawa na mafala onsene akhalembwa Mucihebheri cakale. Mu ndzidzi wakuti Cihebheri cakale cikhalongwa ntsiku na ntsiku, pikhali pyakukhonda nentsa toera anthu adziwe mavogali akhafunika iwo kuphatisira.

• Pidapita pyaka 1.000 Malemba Acihebheri mbadamala kale kuthumburuzwa, anyakufufudza Aciyuda adzindikira njira yakulonga peno  pidzindikiro pikhapangiza kuti ndi mavogali api akhafunika kuphatisirwa pakuleri Cihebheri. Mbwenye mu ndzidzi unoyu, Ayuda azinji akhapitiriza kunyerezera kuti si pyakutawirika tayu kulonga dzina ya Mulungu mwakugaluza, natenepa mbuto zikhabwera dzina ya Mulungu iwo akhaikhamo mafala anango. Pontho pisaoneka kuti mu ndzidzi ukhakopyari iwo Tetragrama, iwo akhabveranisa mavogali a mafala anewa akhaikha iwo na maletra manai akuti akhaimirira dzina ya Mulungu. Na thangwi ineyi, matsamba anewa akuti akhabwera na mavogali nee akhaphedza kudzindikira kuti dzina ya Mulungu ikhalongwa tani pakutoma Mucihebheri. Anango akhanyerezera kuti dzina ineyi ikhacemerwa “Yahve,” mbwenye anango akhanyerezera munjira yakusiyana. Mpukutu wa Bara Yakufa ukhali na khundu ibodzi Yacigerego ya bukhu ya Levitiko idathumburuzwa dzina ya Mulungu na fala yakuti Iao. Kusiyapo malembero anewa, anyakulemba akale Acigerego apereka maonero akuti dzina ineyi ikhafunika kulongwa Iae, Iabé na Iaoué. Mbwenye nkhabepo cilongero cidathumburuza dzina ineyi ninga mukhalongwa iyo. Ife nkhabe dziwa kuti atumiki a Mulungu akale akhacemera tani dzina ineyi Mucihebheri. (Genesi 13:4; Eksodho 3:15) Pinadziwa ife ndi pyakuti Mulungu aphatisira dzina yace mʼmaulendo mazinji pakulonga na atumiki ace, iwombo akhaiphatisira pakulonga na iye, pontho akhaiphatisira mwakusudzuka pakucedza na anango.—Eksodho 6:2; 1 Amambo 8:23; Masalmo 99:9.

Mphapo thangwi yanji Bhibhlya ino isaphatisira fala yakuti “Yahova”? Thangwi dzina ya Mulungu isaphatisirwa kakamwe mu pilongero pizinji.

Ulendo wakutoma udagumanika dzina ya Mulungu mʼBhibhlya Yacingerezi ukhali mu caka 1530 mʼBhibhlya ya Pentateuko ya William Tyndale. Iye aphatisira fala yakuti “Iehouah.” Mukupita kwa ndzidzi, cilongero ca Cingerezi cacinja, pontho malembero a dzina ya Mulungu asasanyirwa. Mwacitsandzo, mu caka 1612, Henry Ainsworth aphatisira fala yakuti “Iehovah” mu ndzidzi ukhathumburuza iye  bukhu ya Masalmo. Buluka penepo, mu caka 1639, mu ndzidzi udasasanyirwa bukhu ineyi, mbidhindwa pontho pabodzi na Pentateuko, fala idaphatisirwa ndi yakuti “Jehovah.” Mu caka 1901, ale adathumburuza Bhibhlya ya American Standard Version aphatisira fala yakuti “Jehovah” mʼmbuto zikhagumanika dzina ya Mulungu mʼmalemba Acihebheri.

Nyakufufudza pya Bhibhlya anacemerwa Joseph Bryant Rotherham, mʼbukhu idalemba iye mu caka 1911 ya nsolo wakuti Studies in the Psalms alonga kuti iye aphatisira fala yakuti “Jehovah” mʼmbuto mwa “Yahweh” thangwi akhafuna kuti “anthu azinji analeri Bhibhlya alonge dzina ineyi (munjira yakutawirika) ninga mudaidzolowera iwo.” Mu caka 1930 nyakufufudza A. F. Kirkpatrick alonga pibodzi pyene thangwi ya kuphatisira fala yakuti “Jehovah.” Iye alonga: “Anyakufufudza malembero a mafala acincino asalonga kuti isafunika kulembwa Yahveh peno Yahaveh; mbwenye fala yakuti JEHOVAH ndi Yacingerezi, pontho cakufunika kakamwe nee ndi kudziwa kuti ikhalongwa tani pakutoma, mbwenye kudzindikira kuti Mulungu ali na dzina, tayu basi cidzo ninga ‘Mbuya.’”

Kodi dzina yakuti Yahova isabvekanji? Dzina yakuti Yahova Mucihebheri yabulukira pa fala yakuti “kukhalapo,” pontho anyakufufudza azinji asalonga kuti dzina ineyi isabverana na fala Yacihebheri. Natenepa, Komiti ya Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa yadzindikira kuti dzina ya Mulungu isabveka kuti “Iye Asacitisa Pinthu Kukhalapo.” Nakuti maonero a anyakufufudza ndi akusiyana, ife nkhabe funika kukakamiza anthu kuti mabvekero andimomwene ndi awa. Mbwenye mabvekero a dzina ineyi asabverana na basa ya Yahova ninga Nciti wa pinthu pyonsene na Nyakukwanirisa pinafuna iye. Iye nee acita basi kudzulu na dziko yapantsi na pinthu pyonsene piri mwenemu, mbwenye mu ndzidzi unapita pyaka, iye asapitiriza kucitisa kuti pinthu pinafuna iye picitike.

 Natenepa, dzina yakuti Yahova nee isabveka basi ene pire pidalembwa pa Eksodho 3:14, yakuti isalonga: “Ndinadzakhala Pinafuna Ine Kukhala” peno “Ndinadzapangiza Kukhala Pinafuna Ine Kukhala.” Mafala anewa nee asapangiza mabvekero onsene a dzina ya Mulungu. Mbwenye asapangiza khundu ibodzi ya makhaliro a Mulungu, akuti iye asacinja mbacita pinthu mwakubverana na makhaliro toera kucita pinafuna iye. Ngakhale kuti dzina yakuti Yahova isaphataniza mabvekero anewa, mbwenye mabvekero ayo nee adhromera penepo. Dzina ineyi isabvekambo kuti iye asacitisa kuti pidacita iye picite pinafuna iye na kukwanirisa cifuniro cace.