MAKANI AAJATIKIZYA BANTU BAKAINDI

Zheng He

AMULIZYE

Zheng He

“Twakeenda musinzo uulampa ma li * aali 100,000 mulwizi alimwi twakabona mayuwe mapati aali mbuli malundu, alimwi kuzwa alaale twakabona masena nkobakali kukkala bantu batayiide . . . ciindi milembo yamato noyakali kuvwupaula cakufwambaana akutuvwumbilila kakunyina kwiima mbubwenya mbuli makumbi isyikati, alimwi mbuli nyenyeezi masiku, calo icakatupa kucikonzya kwiinda mumayuwe mabyaabi kapati mbuli kuti twakali kwiinda mumugwagwa muli myootokala minji kapati.”—Malembe amumwaanda wamyaka wa 15 aaku Changle, Fujian ku China, aakalembwa a Zheng He.

KULI zyintu zinji zicitika mucisi ca China. Ncecisi cijisi bantu banji alimwi cipati kwiinda zisi zyoonse munyika. Bantu bamu China bakayaka Bulambo Bupati, imayake aalaampuwo kapati kwiinda aakayakidwe kale. Mato aakapangwa a Bami baitwa kuti Ming baku China, mbuli Yongle a Xuande, ngaakali mapati kwiinda aali woonse aakali kuyoopangwa mumyaanda yamyaka yosanwe kumbele. Mupati wabasikweenzya mato aaya wakali mu Muslimu iwakali kuzwa kumusanza lwaambo kwacisi ca China, wakali kwiitwa kuti Zheng He.

BWEENDELEZI, MAKWEBO ALIMWI AMITELO

Kweelana amajwi aazubulwidwe kumatalikilo aacibalo eeci, makanze aa Zheng He akali “aakuzyibya bubotu bwakucinca bweendelezi alimwi akubeendelezya caluzyalo bamuzwakule.” Akaambo kanyendo eezyi, wakaamba kuti “zisi zyakulamfwu alimwi azili kumagolelo aanyika zyoonse zyakatalika kweendelezyegwa acisi ca [China] . . . bantu batayiide ibakali kukkala kutala aalwizi . . . bakali kuboola [kunkuta yamwami] kabajisi zipego alimwi azyintu ziyandisi.”

Zito zimwi mato aa Zheng He nkwaakali kusika

Makanze aamwami Ming aakuba anyendo eezyi zyamulwizi acibandikwa. Bamwi Zheng He bakali kumubona kuti mwiiminizi mubotu wacisi cijisi nguzu pele caluumuno. Kakuli bamwi bakali kubona nyendo zyakwe kuti nzyakuyanda buyo kudyaaminina zisi zijisi mato mumakani aatwaambo twacisi. Inzya, Zheng He wakali kupa zipego zibotu alimwi akugwasyilizya mutwaambo twacisi kubaleli ibakali kumutambula kabotu, pele aabo ibakali kukaka kulibombya akupa mitelo kumwami Ming, wakali kubalwana, kubazunda akubatola mubuzike. Akaambo kanyendo zya Zheng He zyamulwizi, baleli banji ibakali kuzwa mumasena aali munsi-munsi a Indian Ocean bakali kutuma baiminizi ku China kutondezya bulemu kumwami.

Kufwumbwa naa cakali buti, mato aa Zheng He alimwi akali kunyamuna zyintu zyakusambala kuzito zyakulamfwu, zyintu mbuli zyakubumba alimwi azisani zibotu izyakali kupangwa ababelesi ba Ming bacibwene kumutwe. Mato akali kuletelezya mabwe mayandisi, meja aabazovwu, tununkilizyo, mapulanga alimwi azyintu zimwi buyo izyakali kubakkomanisya bantu baku China, alimwi bakaletelezya andyabuluba yalo yakabagambya kapati bantu baku China. Kwiinda mukusambalilana zyintu alimwi akupana mizeezo, bantu bamuzisi zimbi bakalubona buyo aasyoonto lusumpuko lwamu China mumwaanda wamyaka wa 15.

Nyendo eezyi zyamulwizi kunyina nozyakazumanana pe. Nokwakainda myaka minji kuzwa ciindi Zheng He naakaleka nyendo zyamulwizi, cisi ca China cakaleka kumvwana azisi zimbi alimwi akucita makwebo aakunze aacisi. Akaambo kakuti cisi ca China cakalilekede kucita makwebo azisi zimbi, mwami mupya alimwi abasikumupa lulayo bakasola kulesya cisi ca China kumvwana azisi zimbi. Lubono lujatikizya mato akaba makani aakaindi, alimwi buya bakaanyonyoona makani aamba zyanyendo zyamulwizi kubikkilizya amato eeni. Nokuba boobo, mumyaka misyoonto yainda, mu China alimwi akunze aacisi bantu bazyiba kuti muciindi ca Zheng He kwakali mato aakali kweenda mulwizi.

^ munc. 3 Ma li myeelwe njobabelesya bama Chinese kupima bulamfwu bwamusinzo, bwalo ibwacinca-cinca mumyaanda yamyaka yainda. Kuyeeyelwa kuti mumazuba aa Zheng He, li yomwe yakali kweelana acisela cakkilomita.

TWAAMBO MUBUFWAAFWI

Kwiinda mukweendelezyegwa a Zheng He mato aamwami Ming akeenda nyendo zyamulwizi zili ciloba akati kamwaka wa 1405 awa 1433.
Ambweni mato aaya akali 200 naa kwiinda aawo, kubikkilizya amato aankondo, aakali kunyamuna zibelesyo, meenda, mabbiza alimwi azimwi buyo. Alimwi akali kunyamuna basimato bainda ku 27,000, ibakali kubikkilzya bapati-pati bamfwulumende, basikalumamba, basimakwebo, basikubamba zyintu alimwi abamwi buyo.
Kuzikusika ciindi ca Nkondo Yakusaanguna Yanyika taakwe alimwi cisi cakajisi mato aakali mbuli aa Zheng He. Mato aa Zheng He akali kusika kuzito zyakuzisi zyakujwe alimwi aku Indian Ocean akuzumanana kusikila kujwe kwa Africa.
Basikugwasyilizya ba Zheng He botatwe bakalemba makani aindene-indene kujatikizya nyendo zyamulwizi alo aatugwasya kuzyiba zinji kujatikizya nyendo eezyi.

Mato aa Zheng He—Ino Akali Mapati Buti Alimwi Akali Ongaye?

Makani aakaindi aalembedwe aazwa kumukowa wamwami Ming aamba kuti mato aa Zheng He akali mapati cigambya—akali kulampa mamita aali 136 alimwi mubwamba akali kulampa mamita aali 56. Basyaazibwene cilabakatazya kumvwisya bupati bwamato aaya alimwi cilabakatazya kwaasinizya makani aaya, akaambo kakuti bwato bwamapulanga ibwiindilila mamita aali 90 kulampa tabuli buyumu pe.

Cibalo cimwi cijatikizya makani aaya cakaamba kuti: “Kwakali kuyeeyela buyo kujatikizya manamba aamba kukomena kwamato. Bwato bulampa mamita aali 60-75 inga tabudoonekwi kwiinda boobo bulampa mamita aali 135.” Kufwumbwa mbocakabede, mumwaanda wamyaka wa 15, mato aakali kulampa mamita aali 60 cakutadooneka akali mabotu alimwi Zheng He wakalijisi mato aali 62 aali boobo.