OMU Baheburaniya abaikaraga omu nsi ey’eraganiziibwe, omwaka gwatandikaga n’okulima hamu n’okusiga kandi kinu bakikoraga omu myezi eitumanyire hati nka Sebutemba hamu n’Okitobba.

Abantu babaraga okuraiha kw’emyezi nibasigikirra ha kurubata kw’okwezi okwatwaraga ebiro 29 rundi 30. Babaraga oburaiha bw’omwaka nibasigikirra ha izooba. Baitu obubabaraga omwaka nibasigikirra ha kurubata kw’okwezi, omwaka ogu gwabaga mugufu kukira ogubabaraga nibasigikirra ha kurubata kw’izooba. Nahabweki, bakaba nibetaaga kutunga omulingo gw’okuletera emiringo enu ebiri ey’okubara emyaka kukwatagana. Kinu baakikoraga kurabira omu kwongeramu ebiro rundi buli hanyuma y’akasumi kwikara nibongeramu okwezi, obundi nka ha kumalirra kw’omwaka ogubarumu. Omu mulingo gunu kalenda yakwataganaga na sizoni ez’okubyara hamu n’ez’okugesa.

Baitu omu kasumi ka Musa, Ruhanga akagambira Abaisaleri ngu okwezi okw’okubanza kwakubaire Abibu rundi okwetwa Nisani. (Kurug. 12:2; 13:4) Omu kasumi kanu okuba hagati ya Maaci na Apuli. Omu kwezi kwa Nisani Abaisaleri bajaguzaaga obugenyi, kandi omu bugenyi obu babaga baine kuhayo emiganuro ya sayiri hali Yahwe.​—Kurug. 23:15, 16.

Omukugu omu akagamba ngu kyali kyanguhire kumanya nidi obukikaba kisemeriire kwongeramu okwezi okundi omu kalenda. Akongera yagamba ati: Obugenyi obw’Okuhingurwaho bwali busemeriire kujaguzibwa okwezi kuturukiire kimu omu kwezi kwa Nisani (Nisani 14). Baitu ekiro eki kisemeriire kwikara nikibaho ha kiro ekyayongerahoga, hanyuma y’ekiro nambere obwire obwa nyamusana bwainganaingana n’obwire bw’ekiro (Equinox) omu Maaci rundi Apuli. Nahabweki obukyamanywaga ha kumaliira kw’omwaka ngu Okuhingurwaho nikwija kubaho ekiro eki kitakahikire Abayudaaya bayongeramuga okwezi kwa 13, Nisani etakahikire.”

Abakaiso ba Yahwe bakozesa omulingo gunu kumanya ekiro ekisemeriire eky’okwijuka ekiro eky’Ekiihuro kya Mukama waitu ekibaho omu Maaci rundi Apuuli (spring) kandi kikwatagana na Nisani 14 ha kalenda ey’Abaheburaniya. Ebitebe omu nsi yoona bimanyisibwa kara ekiro kinu. *

Baitu Abaheburaniya bamanyaga bata okwezi obukuraaba kuhoire kandi okundi kutandikire? Kasumi kanu nikisobora kukwanguhira kurora kalenda yaawe eya ha rupapura rundi enyakuli ha kyoma ekya kalimagezi. Baitu omu busumi obwakara, kyali kitanguhire.

Omu kasumi ka Nuha, emyezi yabaga y’ebiro 30. (Kub. 7:11, 24; 8:3, 4) Baitu hanyuma, ha kalenda y’Abaheburaniya emyezi emu tiyahikyaga ebiro 30. Ha kalenda ey’Abaheburaniya, okwezi kwatandikaga, obubatandikaga kurora omwezi. Ebi byabaga biro 29 rundi 30 hanyuma y’okwezi okuhoire.

Kiro kimu Daudi na Yonasani bakabazaaho kutandika okw’okwezi okuhyaka, nibagamba ngu: “[Nyenkya] nikyo kiro kyomwezi okuboneka.” (1 Sam. 20:5, 18) Nahabweki nikizooka ngu omu kyasa ekya 11 B.C.E., emyezi yabarwaga kara. Baitu Abaisaleri bamanyaga bata ngu okwezi okuhyaka kutandikire? Ekitabu ekirukwetwa Mishnah, ekirumu ebiragiro hamu n’emigenzo y’Abayudaaya nikitusoborra ngu hanyuma y’Abayudaaya kugaruka kuruga omu bunyagwa omu Baburoni, kooti enkuru ey’Abayudaaya ekatwara obujunanizibwa bunu. Kooti yaikarraga ha kiro kya 30 eky’okwezi. Abasaija abo nubo bajunanizibwaga kucwamu nidi okwezi okundi obukuratandika. Kiki eki basigikirrahoga?

Abasaija baatekwaga omu biikaro ebiraihire omu Yerusalemu nukwo baikale nibarora haiguru omu bwire bw’ekiro kurora okwezi okuhyaka obukwabanzaaga kuzooka. Obukwaturukaga, baarahukaga kumanyisa ab’omu kooti enkuru. Abasaija ab’omu kooti obubatuganga obwakaiso oburukumara ngu okwezi kuturukire barangirraga okutandika okw’okwezi okuhyaka. Baitu kiki abasaija abaatekwaga omu biikaro ebiraihire kulinda okuturuka kw’okwezi ekibakoraga ebicu rundi ekiho obubyabaswekeraga? Okwezi okubaabaga barumu bakurangirraga  kuba kw’ebiro 30, kandi okwezi okuhyaka kwatandikaga ekiro ekyayongerahoga.

Kusobora kuranga okutandika okw’okwezi okuhyaka bahembaga omurro haiguru y’Orusozi Zaituni orukaba ruli haihi na Yerusalemu. N’omu biikaro ebindi ebiraihire omu Isaleri, bahembaga omurro kurangirra amakuru ganu. Hanyuma y’akasumi, bakatandika kukozesa abatumwa kurangirra amakuru ganu. Nahabweki Abayudaaya omu Yerusalemu na Isaleri yoona hamu n’ebiikaro ebindi bamanyisibwaga ngu okwezi okuhyaka kutandikire. Nukwo boona basobole kujaguliza hamu ebijaguzo ebya buli mwaka.

Caati erikuhonderaho n’esobora kukukonyera kwetegereza nk’oku emyezi ey’Abaheburaniya, ebijaguzo, hamu na sizoni zaabo byakwataganaga.