Nea Ɛyɛe a Tete Mmere Mu no, Spainfo Nyaa Bible
“Bere biara a mesi kwan so sɛ merekɔ Spania [anaa Spain] no, m’ani da so paa sɛ mehu mo anim, na sɛ me ne mo bɔ ma minya akomatɔyam kakra a, moagya me kwan kakra ma makɔ hɔ.”
ƆSOMAFO Paulo na ɔkyerɛwee saa asɛm no kɔmaa ne nuanom Kristofo a wɔwɔ Roma bɛyɛ afe 56 Y.B. Sɛ Paulo kɔɔ Spain oo, sɛ wankɔ hɔ oo, Bible nka. Sɛ wankɔ hɔ mpo a, yebetumi aka sɛ mmɔden a ɔno anaasɛ Kristofo asɛmpatrɛwfo foforo bɔe nti, Kristosom fii ase no, ankyɛ koraa na asɛmpa a ɛwɔ Onyankopɔn Asɛm mu no duu Spain.
Kristosom fii ase gyee ntini wɔ Spain ntɛm. Enti ɛho behiae sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ hɔ no nya Bible wɔ Latin kasa mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, saa bere no, na Spain hyɛ Roma Ahemman no ase dedaadaw na Latin ne kasa a na wɔka no kɛse wɔ Roma Ahemman no mu.
LATIN BIBLE BƐBOAE
Tete Kristofo a na wɔwɔ Spain no kyerɛɛ Bible ase kɔɔ Latin kasa mu. Ná saa nkyerɛase no dɔɔso, na din a wɔde frɛɛ ne nyinaa ne “Vetus Latina Hispana.” Nnipa pii de saa Latin Bible ahorow yi yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Spain mfe pii kosii sɛ Jerome wiee ne Bible nkyerɛase a agye din no. Wɔfrɛ ne nkyerɛase no Latin Vulgate, na Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 400 na wowiee ho adwuma.
Jerome kyerɛɛ Bible no ase wɔ Palestina kurow Betlehem, na ankyɛ koraa na ebi duu Spain. Ɔdefo bi a n’ani gye Bible sua ho a wɔfrɛ no Lucinius tee sɛ Jerome rekyerɛ Bible ase akɔ Latin mu, enti na ɔrepɛ bi denneennen. Ɔsomaa akyerɛwfo asia sɛ wɔnkɔ Betlehem nkɔhwɛ Jerome Bible no so nkyerɛw bi mfa mmra Spain. Akyiri yi nkurɔfo ani begyee Jerome nkyerɛase (Vulgate) no ho kyɛn “Vetus Latina Hispana” no. Bible a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Latin kasa mu no boaa nnipa a wɔwɔ Spain ma wotumi kenkan Bible tee ase. Nanso bere a Romafo aban gui no, kasa a na nkurɔfo ka no sesae, enti na ɛho abehia sɛ wɔkyerɛ Bible no ase kɔ kasa afoforo mu.
WƆKYERƐW ONYANKOPƆN ASƐM GUU ABO SO
Tete no, na wɔwɔ mmusuakuw dodow bi a wɔfrɛ wɔn Germanikfo. Emu biako ne Visigotfo, na Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 400 no, wobedii Spain so. Ná wɔka Got kasa, na na wɔn som gyina ɔsɔfo Arius nkyerɛkyerɛ so, enti na wɔyɛ Kristofo a wonnye Baasakoro nni. Wɔreba no, wɔde wɔn ankasa Bible nkyerɛase a wɔfrɛ no Ulfilas Got Bible bae. Nkurɔfo de saa Bible no yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Spain kosii afe 586 Y.B. Saa afe no, Visigotfo hene a wɔfrɛ no Reccared bɛyɛɛ Katolekni, na ɔpoo Arius nkyerɛkyerɛ no. Reccared ma wogyigyee Gotfo asɔre nhoma ne wɔn Bible (Ulfilas Bible no) sɛee no. Enti nhoma a wɔde Got kasa akyerɛw nyinaa yerae wɔ Spain.
Abopon a wɔde Latin kasa akyerɛw Bible mu nsɛm agu so; wɔyɛɛ no Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 500
Nanso saa bere no nyinaa, na Bible redɔɔso wɔ Spain. Got kasa akyi no, na nnipa pii da so ka Latin wɔ Spain. Latin kasa mu na wobenyaa kasa horow a wɔfrɛ no “Romance” kasa no. * Ná wɔka saa kasa yi wɔ Spain ne nkurow a atwa ho ahyia mu. Wɔfrɛ nhoma a akyɛ paa a wɔde Latin kyerɛwee no Visigot abopon, efisɛ abo so na wɔkyerɛw nsɛm no gui. Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 500 kosi 600 na wɔyɛɛ Visigot abopon no. Abopon no bi wɔ hɔ a, na wɔakyerɛw Bible nhoma a ɛne Nnwom no mu nsɛm wɔ so. Ebi nso wɔ hɔ a, na Nsɛmpa no mu nsɛm na ɛwɔ so. Abopon no biako mpo de, na wɔakyerɛw Dwom 16 no mu nsɛm nyinaa agu so.
Onyankopɔn Asɛm a wɔkyerɛwee wɔ abopon so no ma yehu sɛ saa bere no, na obiara tumi nya Bible kenkan anaa otumi hwɛ so kyerɛw bi. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na akyerɛkyerɛfo mpo tumi de Bible mu nsɛm yi kyerɛ mmofra akenkan ne akyerɛw. Ná abopon no bo nyɛ den te sɛ aboa nhoma a wɔde yɛɛ Bible a mfonini pii wom wɔ tete asɔfofie no.
León Bible a mfonini wom paa no fã bi. Bible yi som bo, nanso ɛkaa ɛno nko a, anka nnipa pii annya Bible mu nimdeɛ
Wɔakora Bible a mfonini wom yi biako so wɔ asɔredan a wɔfrɛ no San Isidoro mu wɔ Spain kurow León. Saa Bible no som bo paa, na wɔyɛɛ no afe 960 Y.B. Ɛwɔ nkratafa 1,028; kratafa biara tenten yɛ sɛntimita 47, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita 34. Bible no mu duru yɛ kilogram 18. Bible a mfonini wom foforo nso wɔ Vatican Nhomakorabea, na wɔfrɛ no Ripoll Bible. Wɔyɛɛ no bɛyɛ afe 1020 Y.B., na ɛyɛ tete mmere mu Bible a mfonini wom paa no mu biako. Sɛ wɔn a wɔte asɔfofie hɔ no mu bi tena ase sɛ ɔreyɛ nkyerɛwde biako ho adwuma a, na egye no da mũ; asɛmti afã no mpo de, na ɛho adwuma tumi di nnawɔtwe. Enti Bible a mfonini wom no, na ɛsom bo, nanso ɛkaa ɛno nko a, anka nnipa pii annya Bible mu nimdeɛ.
WƆKYERƐƐ BIBLE ASE KƆƆ ARAB KASA MU
Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 700 no, Nkramofo na na wodi Spain ne ɛho nkurow so, enti kasa foforo yii ne ti. Arab kasa fii ase bunkam Latin so wɔ mmeae a na Nkramofo di so no, enti ɛho behiae sɛ wɔkyerɛ Bible ase kɔ Arab kasa mu.
Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 400 kosi 700 no, Bible no a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Latin ne Arab kasa mu no boaa Spainfo maa wotumi kenkan Onyankopɔn Asɛm
Bible a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Arab kasa mu no dii akoten wɔ tete Spain. Nea na abu so kɛse ne Nsɛmpa no. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 700 na John a ɔyɛ ɔsɔfo panyin wɔ Seville kyerɛɛ Bible mũ no nyinaa ase kɔɔ Arab kasa mu. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, Bible a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Arab kasa mu no, dodow no ara ayera. Nanso wɔakora saa Bible no biako so wɔ asɔredan kɛse bi mu wɔ León, Spain. Nsɛmpa no na ɛwɔ saa Bible no mu. Wɔkyerɛɛ ase wɔ Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 900.
Nsɛmpa no a wɔakyerɛ ase kɔ Arab kasa mu; wɔyɛɛ no Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 900
WOBENYAA BI WƆ SPAIN KASA MU
Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 1,000 no, Castile anaa Spain kasa fii ase gyee ntini wɔ Spain ne nkurow a atwa ho ahyia no mu. Kasa foforo yi bɛboae paa maa Onyankopɔn Asɛm trɛwee. * Bible mu nsɛm a wodii kan kyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Spain kasa mu no, ɛbaa nhoma bi a wɔfrɛ no La Fazienda de Ultra Mar (Nsɛm a Esisii Ɛpo Agya) mu. Wɔyɛɛ saa nhoma no Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 1,200. Emu nsɛm bi fa kwan a obi tu kɔɔ Israel ho. Nsɛm no bi nso wɔ hɔ a, Bible nhoma anum a edi kan no ne Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm mu nhoma afoforo mu na efi. Ebi nso fi Nsɛmpa no ne nkrataa a asomafo no kyerɛwee mu.
Ɔhene Alfonso a ɔto so du yɛɛ nneɛma pii de boa maa wɔkyerɛɛ Bible ase kɔɔ Spain kasa mu
Asɔre mpanyimfo no ani annye ho sɛ wɔkyerɛɛ Bible mu nsɛm ase kɔɔ Spain kasa mu wɔ saa nhoma no mu. Afe 1234 mu no, asɔre mpanyimfo bi hyiae wɔ Spain kurow a wɔfrɛ no Tarragona, na wɔhyɛɛ mmara sɛ, sɛ obi wɔ nhoma bi wɔ kasa foforo mu na sɛ Bible mu nsɛm wom a, ɔmfa nkɔma ne sɔfo mma ɔnhyew no. Nanso, anigyesɛm ne sɛ, saa mmara no amma nnipa annyae Bible a wɔkyerɛ ase no. Ɔhene Alfonso a ɔto so du (odii ade fii afe 1252 kosii 1284) yɛ obi a wobu no sɛ ɔno na ofii Spain kasa no kyerɛw ase. Esiane sɛ na n’ani gye ho sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ Bible no ase akɔ Spain kasa no mu nti, ɔyɛɛ nneɛma pii de boae. Alfonso Bible no yɛ Bible a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Spain kasa mu saa bere no, na biako nso ne Bible bi a wɔyɛe ansa na Alfonso Bible no reba (Pre-Alfonsine Bible no). Bere a wɔyɛɛ Alfonso Bible no, na ɛno ne Spain kasa nkyerɛase a Bible mu nhoma no dɔɔso wom paa.
Pre-Alfonsine Bible (benkum) a wɔyɛɛ no Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 1,200 ne Alfonso Bible (nifa) no mu nkratafa
Bible abien yi boa maa Spain kasa a na ɛbae nkyɛe no ase timii. Ɔbenfo Thomas Montgomery kaa Pre-Alfonsine Bible no ho asɛm sɛ: “Onipa a ɔyɛɛ saa Bible no kyerɛɛ ase pɛpɛɛpɛ ma emu daa hɔ. . . . Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na nnipa a wɔnte Latin betumi akenkan Bible no bi nti, wamfa kasa kyenkyenee anni dwuma.”
Spain kasa mu Bible a edidi kan no, wɔkyerɛɛ ase fii Latin Vulgate Bible no mu; wɔankyerɛ ase amfi kasa a wɔde kyerɛw Bible no mu. Yesu awo akyi bɛyɛ mfe 1,300 no, Yudafo nhomanimfo hwɛɛ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no so kyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ Spain kasa mu. Saa bere no, na Spain ne Europe man a Yudafo dɔɔso paa wom, na na Hebri kasa mu nhoma mmobɔwee papa wɔ hɔ a Yudafo a wɔkyerɛ Bible ase betumi ahwɛ so. *
Bible biako a Yudafo nhomanimfo yɛe ne Alba Bible a wɔyɛɛ no Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 1,400 no. Luis de Guzmán, ɔbarima nuonyamfo bi a ofi Spain bɔɔ paa sɛ Yudasom mu kyerɛkyerɛfo bi a wɔfrɛ no Moisés Arragel nkyerɛ Bible no ase nkɔ Spain kasa a wɔmfraa mu (castizo) mu. Luis de Guzmán kaa nneɛma abien nti a ɔma wɔyɛɛ saa Bible foforo no. Nea edi kan, ɔkae sɛ: “Mfomso pii wɔ Romance kasa a wɔde kyerɛw Bible a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no mu.” Nea ɛto so abien, ɔkae sɛ, “Yɛn mu binom wɔ hɔ a, yehia nkyerɛkyerɛmu afã na ama yɛate mmeae a emu yɛ den no ase yiye.” Eyi nyinaa ma yehu sɛ saa bere no, na nkurɔfo ani gye ho paa sɛ wɔbɛkenkan Bible ate ase yiye. Afei nso ɛma yehu sɛ saa bere no nyinaa, na nnipa a wɔwɔ Spain no bebree wɔ Bible wɔ kasa a wɔka mu.
Esiane mmɔden a nsɛm asekyerɛfo ne akyerɛwfo a wɔtenaa ase tete no bɔe nti, na Spainfo a wonim akenkan tumi kenkan Bible wɔ wɔn kurom kasa mu a wɔmmrɛ ho. Ɛno nti, abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Juan Orts González kae sɛ, “na Spainfo te Bible no ase koraa sen nnipa a wɔwɔ Germany anaa England ansa na Luther reba.”
“Na Spainfo te Bible no ase koraa sen nnipa a wɔwɔ Germany anaa England ansa na Luther reba.”
Nanso Yesu awo akyi bɛboro mfe 1,400 no, Spain mpanyimfo hyɛɛ mmara sɛ mma obiara nkyerɛ Bible ase nkɔ kasa biara mu, na ɛnsɛ sɛ wohu obiara nso sɛ okura bi. Nsa a wɔde too Bible so wɔ Spain no kyɛe paa. Mfe ahasa twaam ansa na wɔretwa saa mmara no mu. Saa bere no nyinaa na ebinom de akokoduru kyerɛ Bible no ase kɔ Spain kasa mu wɔ amannɔne na wowia wɔn ho de kɔ Spain. *
Spain Bible ho abakɔsɛm a yɛasusuw ho no ama yɛahu sɛ nnipa bi faa akwannuasa nyinaa so sɛ wɔbɛka Onyankopɔn Asɛm ahyɛ. Nanso, wɔn nsa sii fam; wɔantumi ankata ade nyinaa so Tumfoɔ no anom asɛm so.
Abenfo pii yɛɛ adwumaden ansa na Bible no regye ntini wɔ tete Spain. Nnipa a wɔkyerɛ Bible ase nnɛ nso suasua saa abenfo a wɔkyerɛɛ Bible ase kɔɔ Latin, Got, Arab, ne Spain kasa mu no. Enti ɛnnɛ, nnipa mpempem pii a wɔka Spain kasa tumi kenkan Onyankopɔn Asɛm wɔ wɔn kurom kasa mu ma ɛka wɔn koma.
^ nky. 10 “Romance” kasa yi bi ne Castile, Catalonia, Galicia, ne Portugal kasa.
^ nky. 17 Ɛnnɛ wɔn a Spain kasa yɛ wɔn kurom kasa no boro ɔpepem 540.
^ nky. 20 Hwɛ asɛm a wɔato din “The Divine Name and Alfonso de Zamora’s Quest for Textual Accuracy” (Onyankopɔn Din ne Mmɔden a Alfonso de Zamora Bɔe Sɛ Ɔbɛkyerɛ Bible no Ase Yiye); ɛwɔ December 1, 2011 Borɔfo Ɔwɛn-Aban mu.
^ nky. 23 Hwɛ asɛm a wɔato din “Apere a Casiodoro de Reina Di Maa Spania Bible”; ɛwɔ June 1, 1996 Ɔwɛn-Aban mu.
