GEESHSHA MAXAAFAN xaafettida ha taarikee tumuppe hanidabee? Hegan odettidaagaadan asay issi kutti dumma dumma qaalaa haasayiyoogaa doommidee? Issoti issoti asaa qaalay waanidi doommidaakkkonne aakkidaakko Geeshsha Maxaafay yootiyoobay likke gidenna goosona. Issi xaafee, “Baabiloone gimbbiyaa xeelliyaagan odettiya haysee hanno gakkanaashin odettiya taarike ubbaappe ammananau metiyaagaa” yaagiis. Ubba Ayhuda haymaanootiyaa asttamaaree issoy, Baabiloone gimbbiyaa xeelliyaagan odettiyaabay “kawotettatu doomettaa qonccissanau maliyo, ammananau metiyaaba” gidiyoogaa yootiis.

Baabiloonen hanida ha taarikiyaa asay ammanennay aybissee? Qaalaa doomettaa xeelliyaagan odettiya issi issibaara maayettenna gishshataassa. Leemisuwau, issi issi eranchati issi zuussa gidida dumma dumma qaalay merettidoy issi kutti gidennan, koyro deˈiya qaalaappe loddan loddan laamettiis goosona. Harati qassi koyro deˈiya amarida qaalati banttau banttau aakkidi cenggurssaappe haasayiyo qaala gididosona yaagoosona. Hageetinne asay yootiyo issoy issuwaara maayettenna hara qofay, Profeeseriyaa Tekamse Fiichi Zi Ivolushin of Languwej giyo maxaafan, “Nuuni hanno gakkanau ammanttiya zaaruwaa demmibookko” giidi xaafidoogaara daroti maayettanaadan oottiis.

Beni wodebaa xannaˈiyaageetinne pilggiyaageeti dumma dumma qaalay doommidonne aakkido hanotaa xeelliyaagan ay naqaasha demmidonaa? Eti demmido naqaashay asay yootiyo qofaara maayettii? He naqaashay Baabiloonen hanettidabaa yootiyoobaara maayettii? Koyro ane Geeshsha Maxaafay yootiyoobaa loytti pilggoos.

Qaalay dumma dumma gididoynne asay saˈaa bolli laalettidoy guyyeppe Baabiloone geetettida,  “Sanaa7⁠oore giyo [biittaana]” gidiyoogaa Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. (Doomettaabaa 11:2) Hegee hanidoy awudee? Abrahaamappe 250 laytta gidiyaagaa kasetidi yelettida Peeleega wode “saˈan deˈiya asay shaahettidoogaa’ Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. Yaatiyo gishshau, Baabiloonen qaalay dumma dumma gididoy 4,200 gidiya layttaappe kase.—Doomettaabaa 10:25; 11:18-26.

Issi issi eranchati ha wodiyan deˈiya qaalati koyro qaalaappe, hegeekka eti qoppiyoogaadan 100,000 gidiya layttaappe kase asay haasayees giyo qaalaappe yiidoogaa yootoosona. a Harati qassi ha wodiyan deˈiya qaalati 6,000 gidiya layttappe kase asay haasayiyo amarida qaalatu zuussa gidiyoogaa yootoosona. SHin qaalaa eranchati xayida qaalata asay waati haasayiyaakko ayba ogiyan erana danddayiyoonaa? Ikkonomistti giyo maxeetee, “Hegee wayssiyaaba. Deˈon deˈiyaabaa xeelliyaagan pilggiyaageetuugaadan qaalaa eranchatuyyo benibaa demmidi pilggiyoobi baawa” yaagees. Qaalay loddan loddan dummatiis giya eranchi hegaadan qoppiyoy malaana gidiyoogaakka ha maxeetee qonccissees.

Gidikkokka, qaalaa eranchati benibaa eranaadan maaddiyaabay deˈees. Hegau maaddiyaabay aybee, qassi asaa naatu qaalaa doomettaabaa xeelliyaagan hegee ay qonccissii? Zi Niwu Insaykiloppiidiyaa Biritaanikaa geetettiya maxaafay, “Xaafettida beni qaalay, hegeekka kaseti deˈiya qaalaabaa eranaadan maaddiyaabay 4,000 woy 5,000 gidiya layttaabaa xallaa qonccissees” yaagees. Beni wodiyaabaa xannaˈiyaageeti qaalaabaa eranaadan maaddiyaabaa woy he xaafettida qaalaa awuppe demmidonaa? Eti xade bagga Masphexoomiyaappe demmidosona; hegee beni Sanaaˈoore giyoosaa. b Yaatiyo gishshau, beettida naqaashay Geeshsha Maxaafay yootiyoobaara maayettees.

Xoossay Baabiloonen “issoi haasayiyo qaalaa issoi erenna mala, eta qaalaa [dummayidoogaa]” Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. (Doomettaabaa 11:7) Hegaappe denddidaagan, eti Baabiloone “katamaa keexxiyoogaa aggi [bayidi]” “sa7a ubbaa bollan” laalettidosona. (Doomettaabaa 11:8, 9) Yaatiyo gishshau, Geeshsha Maxaafay ha wodiyan deˈiya qaalati issi koyro qaalaappe yiidosona geenna. Hegaappe dumma ogiyan, asay ba qofaa qonccissana danddayiyo, issoy issuwaappe keehi dummatiya, ooratta gidida daro qaalay issitoo merettidoogaa yootees.

Ha wodiyan deˈiya issi zuussa geetettiya qaalati shin? Eti issi maleeyye dummatiyoonaa? Leera Boroditskay geetettiya, issi eranchiyaa, “Qaalaa eranchati alamiyan deˈiya qaalaa (7,000 woy hegaappe dariyaageetuppe amaridaagaa xallay erettiis) loytti pilggiyo wode zawi baynna dummatettay qoncci beettees” yaagada xaafaasu. Tohossa bagga CHaynan deˈiya Kantonise giyoonne Hakka giyo qaalaa mala issi zuussa giyo qaalati, issoy issuwaara matattana danddayikkokka, issi zuussa giyo hara qaalatuppe, leemisuwau Isppeenen deˈiya Westi Katalan woy Valenshiyan giyo qaalatuppe keehippe dummatoosona.

 Qaalay asay qoppiyo ogee, qassi ba heeran deˈiyaabaa, hegeekka meraa, yesuwaa, sohuwaanne ginaa mala qonccissiyo ogee dummatanaadan oottees. Leemisuwau, issi qaalan issi uri “Ne ushacha kushiyan isoy deˈees” yaagees. SHin hara qaalaa haasayiya uri, “Ne tohossa arggo bagga kushiyan isoy deˈees” yaagees. Hegaa mala dummatettay akeekanau metiyaabatuppe issuwaa. Baabiloone gimbbiyaa keexxiyaageeti bantta doommido oosuwaa oottana danddayibeennaagee garamissiyaaba gidenna.

Asaa naatu koyro qaalay ay mala qaalee? Koyro asa gidida Addaamee mehiyau, doˈaunne paalliya mereta ubbau sunttaa kessido wode, ooratta guussaa giidoogaa Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. (Doomettaabaa 2:20) Addaamee ba machiyo xeelliyaagan ba qofaa danttuwan qonccissiis; qassi Hewaana Xoossay azazidobaanne A azazuwaa azazettennaagee kaalettiyoobaa qonccissada yootaasu. (Doomettaabaa 2:23; 3:1-3) Yaatiyo gishshau, koyro qaalay asay issoy issuwaara loyttidi haasayanaadaaninne bantta qofaa suure qonccissanaadan maaddiis.

Qaalay Baabiloonen dumma dumma gididoogee asay ba qofaanne ba oottanabaa qonccissennaadan oottiis. Gidikkokka, eta ooratta qaalay koyroogaadan haasayiyo qaala. Asay amarida xeetu layttaa giddon cora asay deˈiyo katamaa keexxiis, wolqqaama olanchata shiishshiis, qassi issi biittaappe hara biittaa biidi zalˈˈiyoogaa doommiis. (Doomettaabaa 13:12; 14:1-11; 37:25) Eti haasayennaaninne qaalaa wogaa kaallennan hegaa malabaa oottana danddayiyoonaa? Asaa naatu koyro qaalaynne Baabiloonen merettida qaalati coo cenggurssa gidennan, haasayiyo qaala gidiyoogaa Geeshsha Maxaafay qonccissees.

Ha wodiyan eranchati pilggidobay hegaara maayettees. Zi Kambirij Insaykiloppiidiyaa of Languwej geetettiya maxaafay, “Wogaara gayttidaagan beniba giyooba gidikkokka, pilggido ubba wogay, wogetidosona giyo biittatuugaara gatti xeelliyo wode he wogan loytti qonccissiya qaalay deˈiyoogaa bessees” yaagees. Hegaadankka, Harvarde Kolloojjiyaa Profeeseree, Istiven Pinkeri Zi Languwaj Insttinkit geetettiya ba maxaafan, “Diccibeenna qaala giyoobi baawa” yaagiis.

Qaalay doommido wodiyaanne sohuwaa xeelliyaagan benibaa pilggi simmidi, issi zuussa qaalatu giddon deˈiya dummatettaabaanne beni wode qaalati haasayiyo qaala gidiyoogaabaa woygana danddayiyoo? Daroti Baabiloonen hanidabaa Geeshsha Maxaafay yootiyoobay ammanttiya qofa gidiyoogaa maayoosona.

Xoossaa Yihooway asay a bolli makkalido gishshau, Baabiloonen eta qaalaa dummayidoogaa Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. (Doomettaabaa 11:4-7) Gidikkokka, i ‘asa ubbaa haasayaa geeshsha haasayau laammin, eti ubbaykka GODAA sunttaa xeeganaagaanne issippe ayyo oottanaagaa’ qaalaa geliis. (Sofonaasa 3:9) Ha ‘geeshsha haasayay,’ Xoossaa Qaalan deˈiya tumay ha wodiyan alame yuushuwan deˈiya asay issippe shiiqanaadan oottiiddi deˈees. Xoossay Baabiloonen merettida dummatettaa xayssidi, sinttappe asaa naatuyyo issi qaalaa immidi etau issippetettay deˈanaadan oottana giidi qoppiyoogee bessiyaaba.